Enhancing the Photovoltaic Performance of Ladder-Type Heteroheptacene-based Nonfullerene Acceptors by Incorporating Halogen Atoms on Their Ending Groups

Ending group halogenation is an effective strategy for modulating the energy levels, bandgaps, and intermolecular interactions of nonfullerene acceptors. Understanding the influence of different halogen atoms on the acceptor properties is of great importance for designing high-performance nonfullerene acceptors. Here, three acceptor–donor–acceptor (A-D-A) type nonfullerene acceptors (M5, M6, and M7), which are constructed by using a ladder-type heteroheptacene core without the traditional sp³ carbon-bonded side chains as the electron-rich core, and 2-(3-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-ylidene)malononitrile without or with halogen atoms as the ending groups. The nonfullerene acceptors with chlorinated (M6) and brominated (M7) ending groups exhibit broadened absorption spectra, down-shifted energy levels, and enhanced molecular ordering compared to the counterpart without any halogenated ending groups (M5). Among the nonfullerene acceptors, M6 has the strongest intermolecular π π interaction with its shortest π π interaction distance and the longest coherent length which are beneficial for enhancing the charge transport and therefore boosting the photovoltaic performance. An excellent power conversion efficiency of 15.45% is achieved for the best-performing polymer solar cell based on M6. These results suggest that the halogenated ending groups are essential for high-performance heteroheptacene-based nonfullerene acceptors considering their simultaneous enhancements in both the light-harvesting and the charge transport.     

厚煤层放顶煤大角度扇形收尾施工工艺实践

以左云长春兴煤业公司301综放工作面扇形收尾施工工艺为背景,介绍了在工作面受地质构造或者井田边界影响,工作面两顺槽与盘区大巷斜交布置时,为了多回收煤炭资源,提高经济效益,采取大角度扇形收尾的施工工艺,为厚煤层放顶煤大角度扇形收尾提供了借鉴和理论依据。     

Effect of metal oxide nanofluids on the performance of passive solar still single slope for two different absorbent plates

This study aims to improve the performances of a solar still single slope using metal oxide nanofluid (Al₂O₃–water, Cu₂O–water, and TiO₂–water). The numerical study was carried out for the climatic conditions of Agadir, Morocco, with different concentrations of nanofluids inside a basin equipped with an absorber plate with two different absorptivities. The numerical study is based on thermal balance equations applied on different solar system components and solved using the Runge Kutta method. The numerical model is validated by comparing our results with the literature available data. A comparison study of the effect of these nanofluids on solar still productivity is done. The results show that the productivity of the solar still using nanoparticles Cu₂O, TiO₂, and Al₂O₃ are 7.38, 7.1, and 7.064 kg m⁻² day⁻¹, respectively. It is obtained that the maximum efficiency of the solar still is found to be 55.27% by using cuprous oxide nanoparticles. Furthermore, an enhancement in solar still productivity of 6.36%, 19.54%, and 33.25% is obtained by dispersing 1%, 3%, and 5% volume fraction of Cu₂O nanoparticles in pure water, respectively compared to the conventional solar. Moreover, the impact of the absorptivity of the absorber plate on the solar still effectiveness is investigated. Two types of coatings are considered to change the absorber plate absorptivity. The results indicate that the efficiencies of the solar system are 58.81% and 51.77% using an absorber plate with 0.95 and 0.85 of absorptivity, respectively.     

凹凸棒石颗粒吸附剂制备及其性能

在凹凸棒石黏土中加入低熔点烧结剂,制备了凹凸棒石颗粒吸附剂。实验表明,在600℃下煅烧20min,该颗粒吸附剂具有较低的散失率和良好的吸附性能。颗粒吸附剂对有机染料阳离子红的吸附等温线属于Langmuir型。     

复合型高吸水性树脂的研究进展

本文介绍了高吸水性树脂的吸水机理,着重论述了近年来复合型高吸水性树脂的研究进展,同时也指出了这种材料今后的改进方向和研究发展趋势。     

HNS与NQ的表面能研究

采用毛细渗透法和Washburn方程测定了六硝基芪(HNS)、硝基胍(NQ)和吸收药片在10%乙二醇、乙醇、30%乙二醇、水中的接触角,并通过Young方程及表面化学理论计算了它们的表面能及其分量.结果表明,其值与理论计算值相符合,NQ有较高的表面能为58.31 mJ·m<'-2>,其中极性分量占主要成分为54.73 ...     

阿联酋与中国混凝土配合比设计方法所设计的C40混凝土的比较

本文系统介绍了阿联酋混凝土组成原材料的性能,对比分析了我国与阿联酋的混凝土配合比设计方法。根据国内混凝土配合比设计和阿联酋当地配合比设计方法,分别设计两组C40混凝土,测定混凝土7d和28d抗压强度。为了改善当地燥热环境下混凝土早期开裂严重和坍落度损失快的现象,在混凝土中掺加了SAP,测定其对强度和坍落度的影响。结果显示。阿联酋混凝土配合比中水胶比相对较小,减水剂用量较大;掺矿渣掺合料的配合比中矿渣掺量非常高,混凝土粘聚性较强,不易于施工操作;混凝土中粉煤灰掺量一般较小。混凝土中掺SAP对掺矿渣混凝土强度没有降低,对掺粉煤灰混凝土强度稍有降低,而对混凝土初始坍落度有所提高。     

深大型露天煤矿闭坑前后滑坡及地表变形地质灾害分析与防治

分析研究深大型露天煤矿闭坑前后可能发生滑坡、地表变形等地质灾害。以抚顺西露天矿为例,引发灾变的地质背景条件为北帮西区的倾倒滑移体、北帮东区的沉陷滑移体及南帮的顺层层状结构体,而诱发灾害的主导因素为露天采矿特征、采矿形成的最终边坡、井采与露采的复合作用及闭坑后疏干排水停止、水文地质条件的改变对边坡岩体的作用。计算结果表明闭坑最终边坡稳定性将逐渐下降并引发灾变,从而危害城市与企业安全,提出创新露天采矿学科理论、工程技术防治措施、法规制定与监督管理等3条防治对策建议。     

低温自反应淬熄法制备微纳米钡铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠吸波剂

以Fe(NO3)3-Ba(NO3)2-CO(NH2)2-酚醛树脂-硅烷偶联剂KH550为反应体系,采用低温自反应淬熄法结合热处理工艺,制备了微/纳米钡铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜、热分析及高速摄影技术测定了热处理前后微纳米钡铁氧体空心复相陶瓷微珠的形貌、结构及组成,并研究了其形成机理。结果表明:热处理前空心复相陶瓷微珠粒径为0.59至27.1μm,主要为非晶态;热处理后复相陶瓷微珠由六角晶型的Ba3Fe32O51、BaFe12O19和Ba5Fe14O26组成,且表现出片晶与固溶体相互交叉的现象。特殊的试验条件使得团聚粉粒子在火焰场中飞行过程中在受热蓄能阶段、热释放阶段、后燃烧阶段与快速凝固阶段都具有不同的反应机理,从而使得尺寸细化,具有较微米级微珠不同的本征参数。     

可再生吸收剂的烟气脱硫技术

文章对可再生吸收剂的脱硫技术及其原理进行了比较全面的阐述,并且摘要介绍了各个工艺技术的优缺点。对于需要选择不同工艺路线的决策者,可以提供参考。